Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences

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    EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH SESAMUM INDICUM L. SEED ON PLASMA LIPID PROFILE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS
    (2026-07-20) Ajibode, Bamidele Aina
    Hyperlipidemia is a major metabolic disorder associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress. Due to the cost and hepatotoxic risks associated with statins, safer natural alternatives are increasingly needed. This study evaluated the modulatory potential of a Sesamum indicum (sesame)-supplemented diet on lipid profile and oxidative stress biomarkers in hyperlipidemic male rats. Forty rats (95.37 ± 9.79) were randomized into four groups (n = 10): Basal Control, HFD Untreated, HFD + Sesame (50% fortification), and HFD + Atorvastatin (0.02 mg/kg/day Per os). Following an 8-week protocol (4-week induction and 4-week treatment), plasma lipid profile and oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GSH, and MDA) were assessed after ethical sacrifice of animals. HFD feeding significantly (p < 0.05) increased body weight compared to the basal control, whereas both atorvastatin administration and sesame diet reversed the obesogenic effect. HFD increased total cholesterol (TC) in untreated rats to 29.17 ± 1.39 mg/dL compared to 16.96 ± 1.26 mg/dL observed in the basal control group, while atorvastatin and sesame significantly reduced circulating TC to 22.18 ± 2.01 mg/dL and 21.62 ± 1.56 mg/dL respectively. Similarly, HFD increased triglycerides (TRIG) in untreated rats to 196.26 ± 12.12 mg/dL compared to a value of 75.18 ± 9.81 mg/dL observed in the basal control; however, sesame reduced TRIG 124.38 ± 10.07 mg/dL which is comparable to 126.18 ± 8.93 mg/dL observed in rats administered atorvastatin. HFD also increased LDL-C in untreated rats to 59.03 ± 7.21 mg/dL which is comparable to 23.17 ± 2.58 mg/dL observed in the basal control whereas sesame and atorvastatin significantly lowered LDL-C to 26.18 ± 2.16 mg/dL and 28.09 ± 3.08 mg/dL respectively. Both interventions similarly reversed HFD-induced reductions in HDL-C. Hyperlipidemia disrupted antioxidant defenses, reducing SOD (16.26 ± 2.01 U/L), CAT (19.8 ± 2.73 U/L), GST (56.15 ± 5.16 U/L), GPx (31.24 ± 2.61 U/L), and GSH (0.51 ± 0.01 μM) relative to baseline values of 40.36 ± 4.81 U/L, 56.27 ± 2.92 U/L, 72.31 ± 6.03 U/L, 56.86 ± 3.51 U/L, and 1.47 ± 0.03 μM, respectively. Sesame diet restored antioxidant enzyme activities and GSH level to near-normal levels which is comparable to the values observed in rats administered atorvastatin, while it significantly reduced MDA concentrations. In conclusion, this study indicates that dietary sesame supplementation improved lipid metabolism and reduced oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic rats, underscoring its potential as a low-cost functional food for promoting metabolic health and managing hyperlipidemia. Key words: Hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, lipid profile, sesame.